Cameraman / VT operator

Camera operators record moving images for film, television, commercials, music videos or corporate productions.

They operate film, videotape or digital video cameras, usually under instructions from a director or a director of photography.

They usually specialise in either film or television work, as the equipment and techniques differ.

This is a senior role in the TV and film industries and you are likely to start in support roles in the Camera Department. The role forms part of a technical production team which often includes Sound and Light - more people are becoming multi-skills technicians.

A camera operator's work involves: setting up and positioning camera equipment; planning and rehearsing shots; following a camera script and taking cues from the director or floor manager (in TV studio recording); choosing the most suitable lenses and camera angles; solving practical or technical problems such as lighting; working closely with other technical departments such as lighting and sound. Camera operators can work alone using a portable single camera, or as part of a TV studio camera team.

On feature films and TV drama productions they can be part of a large crew with a specific role, such as: second assistant camera (clapper loader) – loading and unloading film, counting the takes and helping the camera crew; first assistant camera (focus puller) – judging and adjusting the focus on each shot; or grip – building and operating any cranes and pulleys needed to move a camera during shooting.

Freelance camera operators are usually paid a fee for each contract, and there may be gaps between contracts. Freelance rates can vary widely.

You could negotiate fees based on the type of production and your own track record. Contact BECTU for current pay guidelines.

Employers will be more interested in your technical skills and practical experience than your formal qualifications.

In practice, many camera operators take a college or university course to develop the necessary skills before looking for work. Relevant courses include: City & Guilds Diploma in Media Techniques (7501); BTEC National Certificate or Diploma in Media Production; BTEC HNC/HND in Media (Moving Image)
degrees in media production, media technology or photography. The most useful courses offer practical experience and may include work placements - check with colleges or universities for exact entry requirements.

As well as gaining technical skills, you should also build practical experience and make contacts in the industry.

Courses can help you with this, but you can also get useful experience from: getting involved in community film projects; working for a camera equipment hire company; finding work experience as a runner or camera assistant with a production company.

You may also find it useful to have skills in stills photography and basic electronics.

You should also make a 'showreel' DVD of productions that you have worked on, to demonstrate your skills to employers when you are looking for work.